PONDICHERRY MARITIME ACADEMY

A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) is an area that needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities. The criteria for the identification of particularly sensitive sea areas and the criteria for the designation of special areas are not mutually exclusive. In many cases a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area may be identified within a Special Area and vice versa. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas  Guidelines on designating a "particularly sensitive sea area" (PSSA) are contained in resolution A.982(24) Revised guidelines for the identification and designation of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs). These guidelines include criteria to allow areas to be designated a PSSA if they fulfil a number of criteria, including: ecological criteria, such as unique or rare ecosystem, diversity of the ecosystem or vulnerab

It might be hard for most of us to distinguish between one fire and another but we want to explain the cause of a Class F fire because they’re entirely feasible in all buildings that have kitchens. This month, Target Fire Protection are here to explain how best to extinguish this type of fire to ensure that you and all others in the same building remain safe and sound. What is a Class Fire F? A Class F fire involves fat or cooking oil and although this is technically a sub-class fire because they’re the cause of flammable liquids or gases, this type differs from conventional fires because they burn at incredibly higher temperatures. Flammable liquids, like petrol, have low auto ignition and flash temperatures, whereas fats and cooking oils need temperatures of around 340°C to burst into flames. These liquids have such unique characteristics because of their unusual flash point, that they have been placed into their very own category. Due to the nature of the liquids, Class F fires

INTRODUCTION Autonomous ships, also known as Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), are crewless vessels that transport either containers or bulk cargo over navigable waters with little or no human interaction. Different methods and levels of autonomy can be achieved through monitoring and remote control from a nearby manned ship, an onshore control center or through artificial intelligence and machine learning, letting the vessel itself decide the course of action. Autonomous cargo ships are by some in the shipping industry viewed as the next logical step within maritime shipping, noting the general trend of automating tasks and reducing crews on ships Autonomous ships achieve autonomy by the use of technologies similarly found in autonomous cars and autopilots. Sensors provide data with the help of infrared and visual spectrum cameras supplemented by radar, sonar, lidar, GPS and AIS which will be able to supply data for navigational use. Other data such as meteorological