PONDICHERRY MARITIME ACADEMY

  What is fire? Chemical reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and some sort of fuel gives Fire. The fire triangle is Oxygen, fuel, and heat. Combustion happens when fuel reacts with oxygen to release heat energy Fuel+O2→CO2+H2O+heatenergyOxygen(Combustion products) Combustion that results in a flame is very fast and is called burning. The Fire Triangle This is The Fire Triangle. Actually, it’s a tetrahedron, because there are four elements that must be present for a fire to exist: Oxygen  to sustain combustion Heat  to raise the material to its ignition temperature Fuel  to support the combustion Chemical reaction  between the other three elements Remove any one of the four elements to extinguish the fire. The concept of Fire Protection is based upon keeping these four elements separate. Types of Fires Not all fires are the same. Per NFPA 10, burning may be classified into one or more of the following fire classes and your fire protection specialist will select the right fire exti

  Bleeding is oozing of blood from the body due to damage of skin (open wound) or rupture of a blood vessel. Bleeding is of two types, based on the site of bleeding External bleeding Internal bleeding EXTERNAL BLEEDING When blood oozes out from an open wound where the damage to the skin visible, this kind of bleeding is said to be an external bleeding. Based on the damage to the type blood vessel bleeding is of 3 types   Arterial bleeding (bright red in color and spurts) Venous bleeding (dark red in color and continuous bleeding (non-spurts)) Capillary bleeding (color somewhere between bright and dark red, and is very less in amount) HOW TO TREAT EXTERNAL BLEEDING For an open wound, first clean the wound from inside to out (i.e. clean the wound first then the surrounding tissue with hydrogen-peroxide if available, if not use sterile normal saline), apply direct pressure over the wound for a maximum for 15 minutes.  If the bleeding doesn’t stop even after direct pressure, elevat

  CPR is a procedure done to restart a heart of a person when it suddenly stops. This procedure should be started as early as possible when you see no pulse (carotid pulse) and no respiration in the victim ( NOTE: The person should not have any other emergencies such as bleeding). CPR is done by providing chest compressions and rescue breaths in a constant ratio. Proper technique and help at the earliest can save a life. Checking for the carotid pulse The ratio of giving CPR is 30:2 , in which 30 is the number of chest compression and 2 is the number of rescue breath given by the rescuer. The ratio of 30:2 is when there is only one rescuer per victim. If there are two rescuers per victim then the ratio changes as 15:2 , in which 15 is the number of chest compression and 2 is the number of rescue breath given by the rescuer. Before starting CPR, check: Is the environment safe for the person? Is the person conscious or unconscious? If the person appears unconscious, tap or

 What is Cloud computing Cloud computing is defined as the use of different resources via Internet access, such as application development frameworks, storage, servers, as well as other software. Cloud service providers have three common features that are described below: Services are flexible The costs of the facilities used, which may involve memory, preparation time, and bandwidth, must be charged by the user. The back-end of the software is handled by cloud service providers. Cloud computing Service Models In terms of market structures, cloud computing systems can be implemented, which may vary based on particular requirements. Some of the traditional application services used are briefly listed below. They are- 1. Platform as a service (PaaS) PaaS enables consumers to browse platform access, enabling them to implement the software and cloud implementations. Operating systems or internet connectivity are not controlled by the user, which