#15 FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING

-

 


Bleeding is oozing of blood from the body due to damage of skin (open wound) or rupture of a blood vessel. Bleeding is of two types, based on the site of bleeding

  1. External bleeding
  2. Internal bleeding


EXTERNAL BLEEDING

When blood oozes out from an open wound where the damage to the skin visible, this kind of bleeding is said to be an external bleeding.


Based on the damage to the type blood vessel bleeding is of 3 types

  1.  Arterial bleeding (bright red in color and spurts)
  2. Venous bleeding (dark red in color and continuous bleeding (non-spurts))
  3. Capillary bleeding (color somewhere between bright and dark red, and is very less in amount)

HOW TO TREAT EXTERNAL BLEEDING

For an open wound, first clean the wound from inside to out (i.e. clean the wound first then the surrounding tissue with hydrogen-peroxide if available, if not use sterile normal saline), apply direct pressure over the wound for a maximum for 15 minutes. 

  • If the bleeding doesn’t stop even after direct pressure, elevate the injured area. Also apply a construction bandage to further secure or to put pressure on the wound.
  • Even after the administration of construction bandage if the wound bleed continuously, then apply a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.
Note: The tourniquet should not be applied more than 10 minutes to prevent permanent tissue damage leading to amputation of the part. The tourniquet should also not be covered with the bandage or the patients’ clothing as it may hide the tourniquet which may lead to prolonged usage of tourniquet.

INTERNAL BLEEDING

It happens when the walls of the blood vessels gets damaged and rupture but the skin is still intact, leading to bleeding inside the body which can only be seen as a dark chocolate or red discoloration of the skin.

HOW TO TREAT INTERNAL BLEEDING

  1.  Place the patient at total rest
  2.  Assist the patient into the position of greatest comfort.
  3. Cover the patient with a blanket to maintain body heat.
  4. Place protective fabric underneath the patient if the surface is rough, cold or hot – e.g. a coat if the patient is lying on a road 
  5. Apply cold wet cloth above the place where you suspect for internal bleeding or where you see the discoloration of the skin.
TREATMENT FOR SHOCK FOLLOWING BLEEDING

  1. Eliminate the cause for shock, in this case treat for bleeding.
  2. Elevate the foot end of the person
  3. Keep the person warm, cover him with blanket
  4. Give oral fluids if the person is conscious without major movement
  5. If the person is unconscious immediate intravenous fluid infusion is needed to treat the person


REFERENCES


  1. https://www.stjohn.org.nz
  2. https://mayoclinic.org
  3. The Washington Manual Of Emergency Medicine, South Asian Edition
  4.  GK Pal, Book of Anatomy and Physiology


Prepared by,

Dept. of medicine,

Pondicherry Maritime Academy. 











Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

#18 10 Main Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Used Onboard Ship

-
Image
  Safety of self and co-workers is the prime priority kept in mind by a professional seafarer while working onboard ship. All shipping companies ensure that their crew follow personal safety procedures and rules for all the operation carried onboard ships. To achieve utmost safety on board ship, the basic step is to make sure that everybody wears their personal protective equipments made for different types of jobs carried out on ship. Following are the basic personal protective equipments (ppe) that are always present onboard a ship to ensure safety of the working crew: Protective Clothing : Protective clothing is a coverall which protects the body of the crew member from hazardous substance like hot oil, water, welding spark etc. It is popularly known as “dangri “or “boiler suit”. Helmet : The most important part of the human body is the head. It needs utmost protection which is provided by a hard plastic helmet on the ship. A chin strap is also provided with the helmet which k...
Read more

#68 MANNED SHIPS ERA TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONTROLLED SHIPS ERA (iota-4)

-
Image
 Differences between IT and OT systems Whereas IT systems manage data and support business functions, OT is the hardware and software that directly monitors/controls physical devices and processes and as such are an integral part of the ship and must function independently of the IT systems onboard. The systems can, however, be connected to the IT network for performance monitoring, remote support etc. Such systems are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT). There may be important differences between who handles the purchase and management of the OT systems versus IT systems on a ship. IT managers are not usually involved in the purchase of OT systems and may or may not have a thorough understanding of cyber security. The purchase of such systems should involve someone, who knows about the impact on the onboard systems but will most probably only have limited knowledge of software and cyber risk management. IT covers the...
Read more

#41 Maritime Cybersecurity

-
Image
Maritime is one of the oldest industries and lifeblood of the global economy, accounting for the carriage of 90% of world trade. Ships and other vessels may seem like unusual targets for cyberattacks. But with their growing use of industrial control systems (ICS) and satellite communications, hackers have a new playground that’s ripe for attack. In a 2020 Safety at Sea and BIMCO Maritime Cyber Security survey, despite the majority of respondents (77%) viewing cyber-attacks as a high or medium risk to their organizations, few appear to be prepared for the aftermath of such an attack, 64% of respondents said their organization has a business continuity plan in place to follow in the event of a cyber incident, but only 24% claimed it was tested every three months, and only 15% said that it was tested every six to 12 months. Only 42% of respondents said that their organization protects vessels from operational technology (OT) cyber threats, and some respondents went so far as to describe...
Read more