PONDICHERRY MARITIME ACADEMY

  Safety of self and co-workers is the prime priority kept in mind by a professional seafarer while working onboard ship. All shipping companies ensure that their crew follow personal safety procedures and rules for all the operation carried onboard ships. To achieve utmost safety on board ship, the basic step is to make sure that everybody wears their personal protective equipments made for different types of jobs carried out on ship. Following are the basic personal protective equipments (ppe) that are always present onboard a ship to ensure safety of the working crew: Protective Clothing : Protective clothing is a coverall which protects the body of the crew member from hazardous substance like hot oil, water, welding spark etc. It is popularly known as “dangri “or “boiler suit”. Helmet : The most important part of the human body is the head. It needs utmost protection which is provided by a hard plastic helmet on the ship. A chin strap is also provided with the helmet which keeps

  The most frequently used system for fighting fire in cargo holds of a general cargo ship is the Co2 flooding system. The Co2 system consists of a fire detection system (smoke detectors) and an alarm system, along with Co2 cylinders. During an indication of fire in the cargo hold, the gang of co2 bottles are released depending upon the cargo permiability (how much space is empty over the cargo for co2). The fire fighting system for cargo hold consists of a 20mm diameter sampling pipe in all cargo hold compartments of the ship. This is controlled from a cabinet placed on bridge or in ship’s control center. Air is continuously  drawn through these pipes to the cabinet with the help of suction fans which delivers air from the diverting valve into the wheel house. Working When there is a fire in any of the cargo hold compartments, the smoke is sucked into the sampling pipes and is passed through diverting valves in to the wheel house, thus warning the bridge personnel about the fire

Nowadays, around 30 per cent of people get affected by bad breath. It is also known as halitosis. People with awful breaths can feel embarrassed and even feel anxious. In today’s world, there are several stores with overflowing mints, gums, mouthwashes, mouth fresheners, etc. They are specially made to  fight bad breath . However, all these products work only for a short period and do not impact the actual reason behind the issue.   WHAT IS HALITOSIS?   It is a common problem many people face, which causes serious psychological distress to them. There are numerous bad breath treatments available for people. It is found that 2 in 5 people have halitosis frequently. People suffering from it require oral care.           WHAT CAUSES BAD BREATH? It is always recommended to visit a dentist if people have frequent bad breath. Mentioned below are some of the potential causes of halitosis.   FOOD When the food breaks down, small food particles get stuck between the t

  What is fire? Chemical reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and some sort of fuel gives Fire. The fire triangle is Oxygen, fuel, and heat. Combustion happens when fuel reacts with oxygen to release heat energy Fuel+O2→CO2+H2O+heatenergyOxygen(Combustion products) Combustion that results in a flame is very fast and is called burning. The Fire Triangle This is The Fire Triangle. Actually, it’s a tetrahedron, because there are four elements that must be present for a fire to exist: Oxygen  to sustain combustion Heat  to raise the material to its ignition temperature Fuel  to support the combustion Chemical reaction  between the other three elements Remove any one of the four elements to extinguish the fire. The concept of Fire Protection is based upon keeping these four elements separate. Types of Fires Not all fires are the same. Per NFPA 10, burning may be classified into one or more of the following fire classes and your fire protection specialist will select the right fire exti

  Bleeding is oozing of blood from the body due to damage of skin (open wound) or rupture of a blood vessel. Bleeding is of two types, based on the site of bleeding External bleeding Internal bleeding EXTERNAL BLEEDING When blood oozes out from an open wound where the damage to the skin visible, this kind of bleeding is said to be an external bleeding. Based on the damage to the type blood vessel bleeding is of 3 types   Arterial bleeding (bright red in color and spurts) Venous bleeding (dark red in color and continuous bleeding (non-spurts)) Capillary bleeding (color somewhere between bright and dark red, and is very less in amount) HOW TO TREAT EXTERNAL BLEEDING For an open wound, first clean the wound from inside to out (i.e. clean the wound first then the surrounding tissue with hydrogen-peroxide if available, if not use sterile normal saline), apply direct pressure over the wound for a maximum for 15 minutes.  If the bleeding doesn’t stop even after direct pressure, elevat

  CPR is a procedure done to restart a heart of a person when it suddenly stops. This procedure should be started as early as possible when you see no pulse (carotid pulse) and no respiration in the victim ( NOTE: The person should not have any other emergencies such as bleeding). CPR is done by providing chest compressions and rescue breaths in a constant ratio. Proper technique and help at the earliest can save a life. Checking for the carotid pulse The ratio of giving CPR is 30:2 , in which 30 is the number of chest compression and 2 is the number of rescue breath given by the rescuer. The ratio of 30:2 is when there is only one rescuer per victim. If there are two rescuers per victim then the ratio changes as 15:2 , in which 15 is the number of chest compression and 2 is the number of rescue breath given by the rescuer. Before starting CPR, check: Is the environment safe for the person? Is the person conscious or unconscious? If the person appears unconscious, tap or